Analysis of Howard Zinns Argument in his Article Dying for the Governm

Analysis of Howard Zinns Argument in his Article Dying for the organisation In June of 2003, Howard Zinns Dying for the Government was published in The Progressive newspaper. He discusses the regimes claim to military victory in Iraq, and he believes that many innocent people induce died for an unjust cause in that war. His claim is that soldiers died for their government, not their country. An important part of his lineage is his discussion of democracy, which he says is what our country is supposed to be based on. He also brings up many history of U.S. wars and quotes Mark Twains statement about the invasion of the Phillipines by the United States. Even though some of his assertions lack examine, Zinn uses authority and structure very well to make his argument effective. Some of Zinns assertions are a bit sketchy in his raise because there is no evidence that proves them true. One that really stands out is when he writes, they died for Bush and Cheney and Rumsfeld. A nd yes, they died for the greed of the oil cartels, for the expansion of the American empire, for the political ambitions of the President. They died to cover up the theft of the nations wealth to pay for the machines of death (159). His argument may seem true to many, but he does not provide us with any evidence that these statements are accurate. He does not say where he got this knowledge, so it may be hard for some to believe this, unless they share the same opinions as him. some other statement he makes is that we have not been given in the American media (we would need to read the foreign press) a full picture of the human hapless caused by our bombing (159). This is a very strong assertion, but he does not tell us if he... ...ifth of whom grow up in poverty? (161). Questions bid these make his argument very strong, and they are purposely added towards the end to make the reader consider their own thoughts about them after already having been given information on the topi c. It is obvious that he is against the expansion of U.S. power, and he is very passionate in his writing about it. Authority and structure make Zinns argument very effective, even though some of his assertions do not have much evidence. Throughout the essay, he makes it very clear how he feels about the government and war. He feels soldiers are dying for their government so the U.S. can gain more power. Towards the end of the essay, he writes, instead of being feared for our military prowess, we should want to be reckon for our dedication to human rights (161). I could not have said it better myself.

World Population Essay -- Environment Populated Essays Papers

World PopulationWorks Cited Not IncludedPopulation causes a heated debate among many mickle. The worlds community has exceeded 6.5 one thousand million and continues to increase about another 76 million each year. The three most populated countries are China, India, and the joined States. Scientists have become worried that the creation will double within the next 50 years, exceeding 12 billion people. With scarce natural resources and the strain that a doubling in population will cause on food availability, people become more wary about population control. What is population control? Population Control is the act of limiting population increase, usually by reducing the birth rate (www.wikipedia.org).The root country to adopt a population control policy was India, though that did not stop the country from passing the 1 billion mark. In 1952, 6.5 million rupees were made available to conduct studies in fertility and family planning (Samuel, 54). For the first five years (1952-19 56), the Indian Government was not sure what to do with the information and the population continued to grow at a rate of two per cent per year. After 1962, the Indian Government decided to limit the size of families, yet did not have to put effort into persuading the people to favor the idea. However, the people lacked a serious motivation to limit their procreation (Samuel, 56). Indias population continued to grow. Contraceptives were also introduced, yet even after the education of the people, they went unused. The women were not given a choice when it came to reproduction. The men did not want to use the contraceptives, and they could not be forced by their partners. It was said that without an improved standard of living and improved education, ... ...t. The United States backside support its population, but is still having problems with pollution. The hungry can be fed, the poor can be clothed, but the pollution is still much higher(prenominal) that desirable. The issue bec omes a question of availability of natural resources and food. The question becomes How do we produce more for a growing population on less push down with less available water? Is it ethical to control population? Should the government of any country mandate contraceptives or limit the amount of children a family can have? Does this remove the agency of the people? Can people themselves be trusted with the agency of how often they can procreate and how they feed, shelter, and clothe their children? It seems as though if population goes unchecked, mankind will wring out every last drop the Earth has to offer. The question then becomes What will we do then?

Léopold Sédar Senghor :: essays research papers

Lopold Sdar SenghorSenegalese poet and statesman, founder of the Senegalese Democratic Bloc. Senghor was elected chairwoman of Senegal in the 1960s. He retired from office in 1980. He was one of the originators of the concept of Ngritude, defined as the literary and artistic expression of the black African experience. In historical context the term has been seen as a reaction against cut colonialism and a defence of African culture. It has deeply influnced the strengthening of African personal identity in the French-speaking black world. "Lmotion est ngre, la raision est hllne." (emotion is Negro, reason is Greek) "Negritude is the totality of the cultural values of the Black world." Lopold Sdar Senghor was natural in Joal-la-Portugaise, a small fishing vilage about seventy miles south of Dakar. His father was of noble descent and wealthy merchant. His mother was a Peul, one of a pastoral and nomadic people. Later Senghor wrote "I grew up in the heartland of A frica, at the crossroads / Of castes and races and roads" The first seven years of his life Senghor spent in Djilor with his mother and maternal uncles and aunts. At the age of twelve, he attended the Catholic mission school of Ngazobil. He continued his studied at the Libermann Seminary and Lyce caravan Vollenhoven, finishing secondary-school education in 1928. After winning a state scholarship, Senghor then moved to Paris and graduated from the Lyce Louis-le-grand in 1931. During these years he read African-American poets of the Harlem Renaissance and such French poets as Rimbaud, Mallarm, Baudelaire, Verlaine and Valry. Among Senghors s friends were Aim Cesaire, with whom he would develope the idea of Negritude, and Georges Pompidou, who later elected President of France. In 1932 Senghor was grant French citizenship. He served in a regiment of colonial infantry and in 1935 he obtained the agrgation degree in grammar. From 1935 he worked as a teacher, notably at Lyce Descart es in Tours, then in Paris at Lyce Marcelin Berthelot. At the outbreak of World War II, he joined the French army, but was captured by the Germans and spent eighteen months in a camp as a prisoner of war. During this period he learned German and wrote poems, which were publish in HOSTIES NOIRES (1948). In 1944 he was appointed professor of African languages at the cole Nationale de la France dOutre-Mer. Senghors first collection of poems, CHANTS DOMBRE (1945), was inspired by the philosopher Henri Bergson, and dealt with the themes of exile and nostalgia.

Léopold Sédar Senghor :: essays research papers

Lopold Sdar SenghorSenegalese poet and statesman, founder of the Senegalese Democratic Bloc. Senghor was elected president of Senegal in the 1960s. He retired from office in 1980. He was one of the originators of the concept of Ngritude, defined as the literary and artistic expression of the black African experience. In historical context the marches has been seen as a reaction against French colonialism and a defence of African culture. It has deeply influnced the streng pasting of African identity in the French-speaking black world. "L effect est ngre, la raision est hllne." (emotion is Negro, reason is Greek) "Negritude is the totality of the cultural values of the Black world." Lopold Sdar Senghor was born in Joal-la-Portugaise, a small fish vil age about seventy miles south of Dakar. His father was of noble descent and wealthy merchant. His mother was a Peul, one of a pastoral and nomadic people. Later Senghor wrote "I grew up in the heartland of Africa, a t the crossroads / Of castes and races and roads" The first seven years of his life Senghor spent in Djilor with his mother and maternal uncles and aunts. At the age of twelve, he attended the Catholic mission school of Ngazobil. He continued his studied at the Libermann Seminary and Lyce Van Vollenhoven, finishing secondary-school education in 1928. after(prenominal) winning a state scholarship, Senghor then moved to Paris and graduated from the Lyce Louis-le-grand in 1931. During these years he read African-American poets of the Harlem Renaissance and much(prenominal) French poets as Rimbaud, Mallarm, Baudelaire, Verlaine and Valry. Among Senghors s friends were Aim Cesaire, with whom he would develope the idea of Negritude, and Georges Pompidou, who later elected President of France. In 1932 Senghor was granted French citizenship. He served in a regiment of colonial infantry and in 1935 he obtained the agrgation degree in grammar. From 1935 he worked as a teacher, notably a t Lyce Descartes in Tours, then in Paris at Lyce Marcelin Berthelot. At the outbreak of World War II, he joined the French army, but was captured by the Germans and spent xviii months in a camp as a prisoner of war. During this period he learned German and wrote poems, which were published in HOSTIES NOIRES (1948). In 1944 he was nominate professor of African languages at the cole Nationale de la France dOutre-Mer. Senghors first collection of poems, CHANTS DOMBRE (1945), was inspired by the philosopher Henri Bergson, and dealt with the themes of exile and nostalgia.

Abolitionist movement Essay

With the enlighten ment and awareness of people regarding human rights came the emancipationist run. Slavery was something that violated the basic tenet of human rights and dignity, and so it had to be abolished. Northern states have begun to pass acts which declared that all men were born free and equal. Several movements that involved religion and political movements highly influenced the strength and arena of abolitionist ideals throughout the country. The movements that supported abolitionism varied in method and degree.Some were pacifist, as they tried to use the legal system and passed legislation seeking to quarter slavery illegal. Others utilized literature and the press like Harriet Beecher Stowe, the author of the famous novel Uncle Toms Cabin. Religious movements declared slavery to be vile and un-Christian, to discourage believers from keeping and owning slaves. Only a minority of abolitionists used to armed revolt and instigation of unrest and anger among the slaves as the main machinery to further their cause.The movement continued its stride to abolish slavery, save its strongest anchor point came with the election of a known contester of slavery, Abraham Lincoln, as president. With the head of state holding this position of ohmic resistance of slavery, the south felt that their way of life was endangered and threatened. Economic repercussions will be felt by their planters in the cotton, tobacco and sugar farms if the hands that worked in the plantations were to be set free. The zenith of the tensions between the south and the north was the American Civil war.It broke out when the south organized and removed themselves from the control of the American government. mounting of Abolitionism Historian James McPherson defined an abolitionist as a person who has fought for the abolition of slavery in the United States before the Civil war. American abolition started early on, as on that point were several groups already fighting for the liber ation of slaves, such as the Society of Relief of Free Negroes Unlawfully Held in Bondage, and there were several institutions which prohibited slavery already.Several states had passed laws that completely prohibited slavery in their territories. Those who joined the American Anti-Slavery Society or other groups were abolitionists. These movements were not unified, and so could not boast a unified strength. Vermont was the first territory to make slavery illegal, and Pennsylvania was the first state to abolish slavery in 1780. thence several states followed Pennsylvanias example while some states chose to limit slave trading. Many of the states in the south retained the institution of slavery as it was the regions life line in their plantations.Their strong adherence to the institution drove them to take a defensive stance against the rising popularity of the abolitionist movement. Many abolitionist writers distributed many anti-slavery writings and literature to the south to help spread the ideologies. Novels, pamphlets and other forms of writing began to circulate not just in the north, but overly in the southern region. Southern officials were enraged at the act, and thus moved to ban all types of literature that might instigate rebellion and changes in the south.Violence was even employed to stop the circulation of antislavery media in the south. Elijah Parish Lovejoy, the editor of an abolitionist newspaper was murdered by a mob of pro-slavery southerners. His printing press was also destroyed. Abolitionists recognized the fact that slavery needed to be abolished everywhere in the country, but the north cannot interfere with the affairs of the south because of federal ruling. Because of this, many abolitionists center on liberating the north and skipping the southern states.Some abolitionists were frustrated and did not like this idea, as they believed that every state should be free of slavery. The movement was further strengthen by the support of fr ee African-Americans and their church. With the issue of the constitution, the American Abolitionist movement split up into two groups, the Garrisonians, led by William Garrison and Wendell Phillips and another coterie led by Spooner and Gerrit Smith. The Garrisonians believed that the constitution promoted slavery while Spooners group believed the constitution to be antislavery.Since slavery was unconstitutional, it could be abolished with the blessing of the law. More divisions in the abolitionist movement arose, but because of the social classes of the abolitionists themselves. The artisans and elites divided themselves on the issue of slavery as well. The Underground Railroad was used as a venue by many abolitionists to become more active in the cause for abolition of slavery. Many of the fugitive slaves were illegally transported away from their masters to be free men via this rail.But the railroad was made illegal by the passing of the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850. But this did not stop the abolitionists from providing shelter and transporting slaves to freedom. After the emancipation Proclamation of January 1, 1863 was done, many abolitionists moved to liberate slaves in the slave states. There were also movements to improve the social and living conditions of African-Americans all over the country. The Thirteenth Amendment in the long run ended all slave subjugations in the country.

Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson Essay

In A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowland tidings, the author depicts a transformation she undergoes during her captivity at the hands of the Indians. While her first inclination in captivity is to end her suffering as quickly as affirmable by giving up on her life, Rowlandson quickly takes up the role of survivalist, determined to stay alive long enough to be released and returned back to civilization. on the way, however, Rowlandson compromises on aspects of her life in order to achieve this survival. As a means of surviving the ordeal of a constantly changing environment, Rowlandson adapts her opinions regarding food, the native Australian Americans, and flush the land around her to take on the perspective of a savage, similar to that of her captors, as a means of compensating with her perceived savage environment.When Rowlandson is first captured, she makes it her objective to conk the ordeal as scoop as she can, but one of her earliest struggles comes with the subject of food. Rowlandson reflects on the progression of her eating habits and how she went through a fundamental alternate in her opinion towards the food in order to sustain herself But now that was savory to me that one would think was enough to turn the stomach of a brute creature. (153) Here Rowlandson succinctly compares her own tastes to that of a brute creature, the sort of description she would normally reserve for one of the Native Americans. This quote comes on the heels of stories of Rowlandson eating horse liver and different nuts and meats that were completely alien to her tastes. In her desperation, however, Rowlandson begins to consider anything that brings her nourishment and sustenance as savory, and in her starving and despairing state she separates herself from the presumably civilized reader by labeling them as one. From Rowlandsons perspective, it is not a given that the food she was forced to eat would be high-risk to eat, but that opinion would only stem from the perspective of one who was living in civilization.Another example of how we see Rowlandsons perspective shift to be more savage is the way she perceives her Native American captors, particularly the master to which she belongs. When first captured she witnesses the Indians destroying her village and murdering her family, and so perceives them to be barbarous creatures. (141) However, we see a surprise turnaround of sentiments towards them when she later references her master in the Twelfth Remove. But a sore time of trial, I concluded, I had to go through, my master being gone, who seemed to me the best friend that I had of an Indian (155) Rowlandson goes so far as to actually call one of the Indians her friend. The same people who she constantly refers to as base and uncivilized, she claims to shake developed a relationship with. She also notably refers to a sore time of trial, an illusion to the struggles she has undergone in crafting this relationship, i n developing this mindset. Rowlandson points out the process that modify her opinions at that time.Rowlandsons final, and perhaps most clear, transformation comes in the form of her perception of the wilderness and the environment in which she is traveling. At the onset of her captivity, she refers to the wilderness as desolate and vast. She laments the journey and leaving her home and civilization as she describes the bitterness of her spirit that she had at this departure. (142) However, shortly after she departs, her opinion once again changes. Upon earreach that the Indians buried her dead son, she describes her feelings upon visiting his burial spot. Then they went and showed me where it was, where I saw the ground was newly digger, and there they told me they had buried it.There I left that pip-squeak in the wilderness, and must commit it, and myself also in this wilderness-condition, to Him who is above all. (144) Here Rowlandson explicitly describes the altered state she can tell that she is in, this wilderness-condition, and the way that she rationalizes the death of her infant and leaving him buried in the middle of nowhere as a product of her wilderness-condition. The very same sentence demonstrates a product of this condition, referring to her very son as that child. The impersonal, no-relationship way she refers to her own flesh and blood is how she compensates with her situation, and its this condition that makes her react the way she does.The changes that Rowlandson undergoes during her travels transform her views and opinions to be more in line with those of the Native Americans with whom she is a captive, and she uses this transformation of views as a coping mechanism throughout her journey. Rowlandson, whether knowingly or not, identifies that the people who are so adept at discourse the harsh conditions of constant travel and living in an uncivilized land are the Native Americans themselves, and so her views change to be more like their s.She begins to rent the foods they eat as tasteful, the Natives themselves as people instead of simply savages, and the harsh realities of the environment and the detachment of natures cruelty regarding the death of her son with a detached manner. It is interesting to note that her religious side only gets stronger throughout her captivity, and she never loses her faith. This results in an interesting dichotomy between her gradual adaptation to a survivalist lifestyle and her strongly rooted faith, only further showing how remarkable her continued faith was.

Devils Advocate: Chipotle Essay

Chipotle has come a long way since the 1993 introduction of its 1-unit operation in Denver now spanning into a 1,458-unit operation serving more than than 900,000 customers per day in over 43 states. Gamble However, they ownnt been the only fast-casual restaurants to be successful. In 2012, 8 of the 10 fastest growing restaurant chains were classified as fast-casual restaurantsMoes Southwest Grill, Qdoba Mexican Grill, and Chipotle all among these leaders. A peculiarity that is unique to Chipotle is their commitment to Food with Integrity. The transition to using organically grown local produce and naturally raised meats has proven profitable in todays health craze, which has consumers looking for healthier, MSG-free products. This benefit helps distinguish themselves from their competition. Chipotle faces competition from every direction when it comes to quick serve restaurants. Two restaurants in particular, Five Guys Burgers and fries and Jimmy Johns, are opening new location s faster than Chipotle. Shaw A threat of new entry comes into play with Noodles and Company, who have become an immediate transfer by adding pasta to the array of fast casual options, taking the burgers and sandwiches industries by surprise.While n iodine of these companies have quite lived up to the potential that Chipotle has take a leakd for themselves, they are pronto carving out chunks of commercialise share or sothing that Chipotle should keep a close eye on. Chipotles recently introduced catering program is excessively an exciting emergence opportunity. Paneras current catering service is estimated to generate up to 8% of their gross revenue. Although in its first quarter it comprised of less than 1% of total sales for Chipotle, management is expecting to generate as much, if not more, profit as the competition as customer awareness continues to increase. Taco bell, one of Chipotles closest competitors, has introduced a Cantina Bell menu that consists of upgraded prod ucts wish fresher ingredients that is set just below the price of similar Chipotle products.This, combined with their introduction of the Doritos-based product Doritos Locos Tacos, has allowed Taco Bell to regain land previously lost, proving they are once again asignificant threat of substitution to Chipotle. Unfortunately, Chipotle is heavily dependent on local farmers for the organic supplies required for their product. Because the supplier power is so high, some Chipotle restaurants in a few trades reverted to the use of conventionally raised beef in early 2012. Due to these rising market prices, Chipotles costs for food, beverages, and packing rose from 30.6% of revenues in 2010 to 32.6% in 2012.Gamble Chipotles Return on Equity is well above the average of 12-15%, sitting at 20.6% in 2011 and 22.3% in 2012. There has also been an increase of .08% between the two years, which proves stockholders investments are continuing to grow. Their Return on Assets measures the return o n total financial investment in the enterprise, with a higher number and upward trend signifying growth. In 2011 it was 42.9% and grew to 50.9% in 2012, showing a .19% increase. The operating profit margin (or ROS) shows the character of revenues available to cover operating expenses and yield a profit. Just like the ROA, higher is better and trend should be upward. In 2011 Chipotle sat at 15.4%, and grew to 16.7% in 2012. When looking at liquidity ratios, the current ratio shows the firms ability to pay current liabilities using assets that can be born-again to cash in the near term. Ratios should definitely be higher than 1.0. Chipotle has done great in this aspect, reaching 3.183 in 2011. Unfortunately they uncivilized to 2.925 in 2012, which is still well above the average, but is a decrease from 2011. A higher working capital is safe so that the company has more internal funds available. In 2011, Chipotle had $343,739, which increased .05% to $359, 749 in 2012. These ratio s are an important financial aspect to look at because it determines the ability to invest in market expansion activities, research and development activities, and improvements on features and performance of Chipotles products.One key strategic issue that Chipotle faces is their lack of presence internationally. There are a significant amount of expansion opportunities for them to consider. With just 14 locations in the four countries they currently reside in, there is plenty of room to introduce their product worldwide. Yum Brands, which includes one of Chipotles closest competitors (Taco Bell), have 39,000 locations located outside the United States. Shaw Needless to say, opening a handful of test locations internationally could provide a plethora of new locations for Chipotle to introduce their product. Another surprising key strategic issuethat they face is global humor change. They identified global weather patterns as care risks in its annual filing last month. If prices of their raw ingredients increase, there is talk that they might temporarily suspend some menu items such as guacamole and some of their salsas. Although Chris Arnold, spokesperson for Chipotle, stated the information was nothing more than a routine risk factor disclosure Vasel, it is nonetheless something Chipotle forget have to come up with a creative solution for. Lastly, Chipotles recent partnership with Slow Food USA in support of school gardens across the U.S. could prove extremely beneficial to Chipotle in the future.Not only does this further promote Chipotles dedication to sustainability, there is also a marketing angle to the partnership. The more the children know slightly where food comes from and how its prepared, the more health conscious they become. With this knowledge in mind, where do you think they will go for fast food? Chipotle. This is an all roughly great marketing move on behalf of Chipotle. In conclusion, it would seem beneficial for Chipotle to take a close r look at introducing current, as well as unique and innovative products to new markets. There are plenty of expansion opportunities worldwide for them to build upon the 14 they currently have in business. This would also be an opportunity to capture market share away from Taco Bell and other rivals who have already expand internationally.It would also be beneficial to create new product lines to compensate for the global climate change challenges they may face in the near future. By creating new foods and dishes to serve different markets, they will be able to acquire suppliers in the local area, and possibly bring some of these innovative ideas back stateside. Their partnership with Slow Food USA could also open doors for them to do similar partnerships internationally creating a great way for younger generations to grow accustomed to Chipotles practices.QuestionsSources say they have had success on college campuses in the pastdo you think Winona would provide an appropriate demog raphic/geographic presence for success? Havent expanded internationally quite yet, if they did where do you think they would have the most success? Sources also say that their guacamole and some salsas are at risk to global climate change and might be dropped from the menu, how would you recommend combating this? Consideringtheir partnership with Slow Food USA, do you think applying similar practices will help introduce their product internationally?CitationsChipotle and Slow Food USA Launch New Partnership Supporting School Gardens. MarketWatch. N.p., 8 Oct. 2014. Web. 08 Oct. 2014. Gamble, John, and Arthur A. Thompson. Essentials of Strategic Management The Quest for Competitive Advantage. Boston McGraw-Hill Irwin, 2009. Print. Shaw, Brian. 4 Ways for Chipotle to Continue Its Strong Growth. (CMG). N.p., 12 Jan. 2012. Web. 04 Oct. 2014. Vasel, Kathryn B. Chipotle Guacamole at Risk From Global Climate Change. Fox Business. N.p., 5 Mar. 2014. Web. 03 Oct. 2014.